1. E noʻonoʻo ana i ka lāʻau e like me ka elasticity
He ʻokoʻa ka Rubber mai ka ikehu elastic i hōʻike ʻia e ka coefficient elastic longitudinal (Young's modulus).E pili ana ia i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "rubber elasticity" hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia no nā haneli haneli o ka deformation e pili ana i ka entropy elasticity i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka rebound o nā laka molekala.
2. E noʻonoʻo ana i ka viscoelasticity o ka lāʻau
Wahi a ke kānāwai o Hooke, he kino viscoelastic me nā waiwai i waena o ke kino elastic a me ka wai piha.ʻO ia hoʻi, no nā hana e like me ka deformation i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mana o waho, ua hoʻomalu ʻia lākou e ka manawa a me nā kūlana mahana, a hōʻike i nā ʻano o ke kolo a me ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha.I ka wā haʻalulu, aia kahi ʻokoʻa o ke koʻikoʻi a me ka deformation, e hōʻike ana i ka nalowale o ka hysteresis.Hōʻike ʻia ka nalowale o ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o ka hana wela ma muli o kona nui.Eia kekahi, i loko o ka dynamic phenomena, hiki ke nānā ʻia ka hilinaʻi manawa, i pili i ka lula hoʻololi wela o ka manawa.
3. Loaʻa iā ia ka hana o ka anti vibration a me ka buffering
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka palupalu, elasticity, a me ka viscoelasticity o ka rubber e hōʻike ana i kona hiki ke hoʻēmi i ke kani a me ka haʻalulu.No laila, hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā ana e hōʻemi i ka leo a me ka haʻalulu haʻalulu.
4. Aia kahi hilinaʻi nui i ka mahana
ʻAʻole wale ka lāʻau, akā nui nā waiwai kino o nā mea polymer i hoʻopili ʻia e ka wela, a he ʻano ikaika ka lāʻau i ka viscoelasticity, kahi i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka mahana.ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ka lāʻau i nā mahana haʻahaʻa;Ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi ʻano o nā kaʻina e like me ka palupalu, dissolution, thermal oxidation, thermal decomposition, a me ka puhi ʻana.Eia kekahi, no ka mea, he mea kūlohelohe ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole ia he lapalapa ahi.
5. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka insulation uila
E like me ka plastic, he insulator i ka wā mua.Hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻili insulation a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, pili pū nā ʻano insulation uila ma muli o nā ʻano hana like ʻole.Eia kekahi, aia nā ʻōpala conductive e hoʻemi ikaika i ka pale insulation e pale i ka electrification.
6. Kaʻelemakule hanana
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻino ʻana o nā metala, ka lāʻau, ka pōhaku, a me ka hōʻino ʻana o nā plastics, ʻike ʻia nā loli waiwai i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kūlana kaiapuni ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻelemakule i ka ʻoihana ʻōpala.Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo ʻo ka rubber kahi mea me ka lōʻihi maikaʻi loa.ʻO nā kukui UV, ka wela, ka oxygen, ka ozone, ka aila, nā solvents, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ke kaumaha, ka vibration, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke kumu nui o ka ʻelemakule.
7. Pono e hoʻohui i ka sulfur
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kaulahao e like me nā polymers o ka rubber me ka sulfur a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia he hoʻohui sulfur.Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke kahe plastik, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka formability, ikaika, a me nā waiwai kino ʻē aʻe, a hoʻonui ʻia ka pae wela o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e hopena i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana.Ma waho aʻe o ka sulfur sulfidation kūpono no nā elastomers me nā paʻa pālua, aia kekahi peroxide sulfidation a me ammonium sulfidation me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā peroxides.I loko o ka ʻōpala thermoplastic, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka rubber like plastics, aia kekahi mau mea i koi ʻole i ka hoʻohui sulfur.
8. Pono ke kumu
I loko o ka lāʻau synthetic, hana ʻia nā ʻokoʻa kahi i koi ʻole ʻia ai nā mea hana e like me ka polyurethane (koe wale nā mea hoʻohui crosslinking).ʻO ka mea maʻamau, pono ka rubber i nā ʻano hana like ʻole.He mea nui e nānā i ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i koho ʻia ma ke ʻano he "hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano" i ka ʻenehana hoʻoponopono lāʻau.ʻO nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano hana kūpono e pili ana i ke kumu a me ka hana e pono ai ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻenehana o nā mea hana hana like ʻole.
9. Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe
(a) Kaumaha kikoʻī
E pili ana i ka ʻōpala maka, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau maoli mai ka 0.91 a i ka 0.93, ʻo ka EPM mai ka 0.86 a hiki i ka 0.87 ka liʻiliʻi loa, a ʻo ka fluororubber ka nui mai 1.8 a 2.0 ka nui loa.ʻOkoʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke ʻano, me ka umekaumaha kikoʻī ma kahi o 2 no ka ʻeleʻele kalapona a me ka sulfur, 5.6 no nā pūhui metala e like me ka zinc oxide, a ma kahi o ka 1 no nā hoʻokumu ʻana.I nā manawa he nui, hiki i ka gravity kiko'ī mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 2. Eia kekahi, i nā hihia kūikawā, aia kekahi mau huahana me ke koʻikoʻi kaumaha e like me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kani i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka pauka kepau.Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā metala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he māmā.
(b) Paʻakikī
Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, he palupalu.ʻOiai he nui ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili haʻahaʻa, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi paʻa paʻa like me ka polyurethane rubber, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e like me nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
(c) Puka
Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, paʻakikī ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ea a me nā kinoea ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea hoʻopaʻa.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hanu butyl, ʻoiai ʻo ka silicone rubber ka maʻalahi o ka hanu.
(d) Paʻa wai
Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai ma mua o ka plastic, a hiki ke piʻi i nā ʻumi o ka pākēneka i ka wai paila.Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ma ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka wai, ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka mahana, ka manawa immersion, a me ke komo ʻana o ka waikawa a me ka alkali, hiki i ka polyurethane rubber ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai.
(e) Kūʻē lāʻau
Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, he kūʻē ikaika ia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau inorganic, a aneane hiki i nā ʻōpala āpau ke kū i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka alkali.Nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau e maʻalili ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā waikawa oxidizing ikaika.ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā mea momona e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka waiʻona a me ka ether.Akā i loko o ka hydrogen carbide, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, phenolic compounds, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua maʻalahi lākou e hoʻouka a hoʻoulu a hoʻonāwaliwali.Eia kekahi, ma ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka aila, hiki i nā mea he nui ke kū i nā aila holoholona a me nā mea kanu, akā e hoʻopōʻino lākou a hiki i ka pehu ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka petroleum.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopili ʻia e nā kumu e like me ke ʻano o ka lāʻau, ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, a me ka mahana.
(f) Kākoʻo ʻaʻahu
He hiʻohiʻona ia i koi nui ʻia ma nā ʻano o nā kaila, nā kāʻei lahilahi, nā kāmaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka polyurethane rubber, ka lāʻau maoli, ka pulupulu butadiene, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he maikaʻi loa ke pale ʻana i ka lole.
(g) Ke kū'ē i ka luhi
E pili ana i ka lōʻihi i ka wā o ka deformation a me ka haʻalulu.ʻOiai paʻakikī ka ʻimi ʻana i nā māwae a me ka holomua ma muli o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, pili pū kekahi i nā loli waiwai i hana ʻia e nā hopena mechanical.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka SBR ma mua o ka pāpaʻi maoli ma ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, akā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana a ʻilihune.Hoʻopili ʻia e ke ʻano o ka lāʻau, amplitude o ka ikaika, ka wikiwiki deformation, a me ka mea hoʻoikaika.
(h) Ka ikaika
Loaʻa i ka Rubber nā waiwai tensile (ikaika haʻihaʻi, elongation,% modulus), ikaika compressive, ikaika shear, ikaika waimaka, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻoikaika.
(i) Kūʻē ahi
E pili ana ia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka ʻā a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā mea i ka wā e hui ai lākou me ke ahi.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka kulu, ka ʻawaʻawa o ka hana kinoea, a me ka nui o ka uahi kekahi mau pilikia.No ka mea, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻaʻa ʻole, akā ke ulu nei ia i nā waiwai pale ahi, a aia pū kekahi me nā waiwai pale ahi e like me ka fluororubber a me ka chloroprene rubber.
(j) Hoʻopili
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa iā ia ka adhesion maikaʻi.Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe a kau ʻia i ka hana adhesive, hiki i kēia ʻano ke hoʻokō i nā waiwai adhesive o ka ʻōnaehana rubber.Hoʻohui ʻia nā kaila a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma muli o ka hoʻohui sulfur.Hoʻohana maoli ʻia ka lāʻau kūlohelohe a me ka SBR i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau i ka lāʻau, ka lāʻau i ka fiber, ka ʻōpala i ka plastic, ka ʻōpala i ka metala, etc.
(k) Kaona
I ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, aia kekahi mau stabilizers a me nā plasticizers i nā mea ʻino, a pono e ʻike pū ʻia nā puaʻa cadmium.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-08-2024
